{"indicatorId":15,"code":"ANT_HAZ_NE2","helixCode":"NT_ANT_HAZ_NE2","ownerAgency":{"id":1,"organization":"United Nations Children's Fund"},"sector":"3","domain":"1","subdomain":"3","isPublished":true,"attributes":[{"attributeId":1,"attributeName":"Indicator Name","attributeCode":"NAME","displayName":"Name","value":"Height-for-age <-2 SD (Stunting)","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":true,"weight":1},{"attributeId":2,"attributeName":"Alternate (Display) Name","attributeCode":"ALT_NAME","displayName":"Alternate (Display) Name","value":"Children (<5 years) who are stunted (Survey Estimates)","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":2},{"attributeId":3,"attributeName":"Indicator Definition","attributeCode":"DEFINITION","displayName":"Indicator Definition","value":"Percentage of under-fives falling below minus 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median height-for-age of the reference population","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":true,"weight":3},{"attributeId":4,"attributeName":"Numerator Definition","attributeCode":"NUM_DEFINITION","displayName":"Num Definition","value":"​Number of under-fives falling below minus 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median height-for-age of the reference population","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":true,"weight":4},{"attributeId":5,"attributeName":"Denominator Definition","attributeCode":"DEN_DEFINITION","displayName":"Den Definition","value":"​Children under 5 years of age in the surveyed population​ with valid height-for-age z-scores","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":true,"weight":5},{"attributeId":6,"attributeName":"Additional Details","attributeCode":"ADD_DET","displayName":"Additional Details","value":"Based on survey estimates and primary data","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":6},{"attributeId":7,"attributeName":"Population used for aggregation","attributeCode":"POP_AGGR","displayName":"Population used for aggregation","value":"Children 0-59 months","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":7},{"attributeId":8,"attributeName":"Aggregation method","attributeCode":"METH_AGGR","displayName":"Aggregation Method","value":"Modelled","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":8},{"attributeId":11,"attributeName":"Contact Persons","attributeCode":"SDG_CONT","displayName":"Contact person(s)","value":"Chika Hayashi","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":100},{"attributeId":12,"attributeName":"Contact Email","attributeCode":"SDG_EMAIL","displayName":"Contact email(s)","value":"sdg2.2@unicef.org","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":101},{"attributeId":13,"attributeName":"Rationale","attributeCode":"SDG_RAT","displayName":"Rationale","value":"Child growth is an internationally accepted outcome reflecting child nutritional status. Child stunting refers to a child who is too short for his or her age and is the result of chronic or recurrent malnutrition. Stunting is a contributing risk factor to child mortality and is also a marker of inequalities in human development. Stunted children fail to reach their physical and cognitive potential. Child stunting is a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG target 2.2.1) and also one of the World Health Assembly 2025 Global Nutrition Target indicators.","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":102},{"attributeId":14,"attributeName":"Concepts","attributeCode":"SDG_CONCEPTS","displayName":"Concepts","value":"NA.","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":103},{"attributeId":15,"attributeName":"Limitations","attributeCode":"SDG_LIMIT","displayName":"Comments and limitations","value":"Survey estimates come with levels of uncertainty due to both sampling error and non-sampling error (e.g. measurement technical error, recording error etc.,). None of the two sources of errors have been fully taken into account for deriving estimates neither at country nor at regional and global levels.  ","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":104},{"attributeId":16,"attributeName":"Computation Method","attributeCode":"SDG_METHOD","displayName":"Computation Method","value":"Survey estimates are based on standardized methodology using the WHO Child Growth Standards as described elsewhere (1). Global and regional estimates are based on methodology outlined in UNICEF-WHO-The World Bank: Joint child malnutrition estimates – Levels and trends (2,3)","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":105},{"attributeId":17,"attributeName":"Disaggregation","attributeCode":"SDG_DISAGGR","displayName":"Disaggregation","value":"Global and regional estimates refer to the age group of children under 5 years, sexes combined. Disaggregated country data are available in a majority of household surveys and UNICEF - WHO- The World Bank Group have expanded the joint data set to include sub national and stratified estimates (e.g. sex, age groups, wealth, mothers' education, residence) which was released in 2018.","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":106},{"attributeId":18,"attributeName":"Missing Values Country","attributeCode":"SDG_MVCOUNTRY","displayName":"Missing Values at country level","value":"No imputation methodology is applied to derive estimates for countries or years where no data are available.","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":107},{"attributeId":19,"attributeName":"Missing Values Global","attributeCode":"SDG_MVGLOBAL","displayName":"Missing Values at regional and global levels","value":"Countries and years are treated as missing randomly following a multilevel modeling approach (3).","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":108},{"attributeId":20,"attributeName":"Regional aggregates","attributeCode":"SDG_AGGREGATE","displayName":"Regional aggregates","value":"Regional aggregates are available for the following classifications: UN, MDG, UNICEF, WHO, The World Bank regions and income groups.","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":109},{"attributeId":21,"attributeName":"Sources of discrepancies","attributeCode":"SDG_DISCREPANCIES","displayName":"Sources of discrepancies","value":"The standard analysis approach to construct the joint data set aims for a maximum comparability of country estimates. For the inclusion of survey estimates into the JME dataset, the inter-agency group applies survey quality assessment criteria. When there is insufficient documentation, the survey is not included until information becomes available. When raw data are available, and there is a question about the analysis approach, data re-analysis is performed following the standard methodology (1). Discrepancies between results from the standardised approach and those reported may occur for various reasons, for example, the use of different standards for z-score calculations, imputation of the day of birth when missing, the use of rounded age in months, the use of different flagging systems for data exclusion. For surveys based on the previous NCHS/WHO references, and for which raw data are not available, a method for converting the z-scores to be based on the WHO Child Growth Standards is applied (4). In addition, when surveys do not cover the age interval 0-<5 years, or are only representative of the rural areas, an adjustment based on other surveys for the same country, is performed. Any adjustment or conversion is transparently stated in the annotated joint data set.","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":110},{"attributeId":22,"attributeName":"Methods and guidance","attributeCode":"SDG_METHODS","displayName":"Methods and guidance available to countries for the compilation of the data at the national level","value":"NULL","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":111},{"attributeId":23,"attributeName":"Quality assurance","attributeCode":"SDG_QUALITY","displayName":"Quality assurance","value":"NULL","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":112},{"attributeId":24,"attributeName":"Data Availability Description","attributeCode":"SDG_DADESCR","displayName":"Data Availability Description","value":"More than 150 countries.","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":113},{"attributeId":25,"attributeName":"Data Availability Time Series","attributeCode":"SDG_DATS","displayName":"Data Availability Time Series","value":"At country level, data are provided for the years where surveys are included in the joint dataset. Survey years begin in 1983. For the global and regional levels, annual estimates are available between 1990 and the latest available estimate upon release each year (i.e. in Sept 2016 edition of the Joint Malnutrition Estimates the latest available estimate was for 2015). ","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":114},{"attributeId":26,"attributeName":"Data Sources Description","attributeCode":"SDG_DS_DESC","displayName":"Data Sources - Description","value":"For the majority of countries, nationally representative household surveys constitute the data source.  For a limited number of countries data from surveillance systems is used if sufficient population coverage is documented (about 80%). For both data sources, the child’s height and weight measurements have to be collected following recommended standard measuring techniques (1).   ","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":113},{"attributeId":27,"attributeName":"Data Sources - Collection Process","attributeCode":"SDG_DS_CP","displayName":"Data Sources - Collection Process","value":"UNICEF, WHO and the World Bank group jointly review new data sources to update the country level estimates. Each agency uses their existing mechanisms for obtaining data. For WHO, see published database methodology (2). UNICEF undertakes a wide consultative process of compiling and assessing data from national sources for the purposes of updating its global databases on the situation of children. UNICEF regularly reviews major repositories of potential sources (e.g. Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys website, the Global Health Data Exchange) and also uses the UNICEF country consultation process with national authorities on selected child-related global SDG indicators, for which it is custodian or co-custodian. This allows for the emerging standards and guidelines on data flows for global reporting of SDG indicators to be met. These processes place strong emphasis on technical rigour, country ownership and use of official data and statistics. The consultation process solicits feedback directly from National Statistical Offices, as well as other government agencies responsible for official statistics, on the compilation of the indicators, including the data sources used and the application of global standard definitions. The World Bank Group provides estimates available through the Living Standard Measurement Surveys (LSMS) which usually requires re-analysis of datasets given that the LSMS reports often do not tabulate the stunting data.","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":114},{"attributeId":31,"attributeName":"Calendar – Data Description","attributeCode":"SDG_CAL_DESC","displayName":"Calendar – Data Description","value":"Data sources are compiled and reviewed throughout the year.   ","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":118},{"attributeId":32,"attributeName":"Calendar – Data Release","attributeCode":"SDG_CAL_REL","displayName":"Calendar – Data Release","value":"The updated country dataset as well as global and regional estimates are released annually, to coincide with SDG reporting updates by The United Nations Statistical Division (UNSD), generally in March. ","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":119},{"attributeId":33,"attributeName":"Data Providers – Description","attributeCode":"SDG_DP_DESC","displayName":"Data Providers – Description","value":"Data providers vary and most commonly  are ministries of health, national offices of statistics or national institutes of nutrition.  ","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":120},{"attributeId":34,"attributeName":"References","attributeCode":"SDG_REFERENCES","displayName":"References","value":"1. Recommendations for data collection, analysis and reporting on anthropometric indicators in children under 5 years old. Geneva: World Health Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), 2019. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.\r\n\r\n\r\n2. United Nations Children’s Fund, World Health Organization, The World Bank (2012). UNICEFWHO-World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. (UNICEF, New York; WHO, Geneva; The World Bank, Washington, DC; 2012). \r\n\r\n\r\n3. de Onis M, Blössner M, Borghi E, et al. (2004), Methodology for estimating regional and global trends of childhood malnutrition. Int J Epidemiol, 33(6):1260-70. \r\n\r\n\r\n4. Yang H and de Onis M. Algorithms for converting estimates of child malnutrition based on the NCHS reference into estimates based on the WHO Child Growth Standards BMC Pediatrics 2008, 8:19 (05 May 2008) (http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2431/8/19). ","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":121},{"attributeId":35,"attributeName":"Summary (i.e. rewritten rationale)","attributeCode":"SUMMARY_RAT","displayName":"Summary (i.e. rewritten rationale)","value":"Child stunting refers to a child who is too short for his or her age and is the result of chronic or recurrent malnutrition. Stunting is a contributing risk factor to child mortality and is also a marker of inequalities in human development. Stunted children fail to reach their physical and cognitive potential. Child stunting is also one of the World Health Assembly 2025 global nutrition target indicators.","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":11},{"attributeId":38,"attributeName":"SDG Progress Methodology","attributeCode":"SDG_PROGRESS","displayName":"SDG Progress Methodology","value":"Country trajectories and assessment towards the stunting, wasting and overweight targets at the national level were determined using the joint malnutrition country dataset (March 2020) and are largely in alignment with the WHO-UNICEF Technical Expert Advisory Group on Nutrition Monitoring rules (‘Methodology for Monitoring Progress towards the Global nutrition Targets for 2025: Technical report’, World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund, June 2017, available at <apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/258938/WHO-NMH-NHD-17.9-eng.pdf;jsessionid=CBAD229BC72DD56F721FA492814183E6?\r\nsequence=1>. The interagency assessment on country progress was made towards the 2025 World Health Assembly targets (and not the recently proposed 2030 targets) for this exercise.\r\n\r\nWhile the WHO-UNICEF 2017 rules were used as much as possible, since this report uses the same 5 categories for all SDG indicators (on track, acceleration needed, target met, insufficient trend data, and no data) (Table 1) the current report does not directly align with the latest WHO-UNICEF country assessments published elsewhere.\r\n\r\nThe ‘on track’ category follows the WHO-UNICEF rules for stunting and overweight (Table 2). For wasting the WHO-UNICEF rules applied to categorize a country as ‘on track’ are instead used to assign an assessment of ‘target met’ in this report since the rules designate a country as ‘on track’ if the prevalence is <5% which is the 2025 target; there is no assessment for ‘on track’ for wasting in this report.\r\n\r\nThe ‘acceleration needed’ category is based on a combination of prevalence and average annual progress rates depending on the indicator. However, the ‘acceleration needed’ category does not exist in the WHO-UNICEF 2017 rules and was made for this report by combining two categories from the WHO-UNICEF 2017 rules of (i) off track: some progress; and (ii) off track: no progress or worsening (Table 1).\r\n\r\nThis report also made an additional classification not within the WHO-UNICEF 2017 rules. This was applied to any country for which the most recent estimate between 2013 and 2019 was < 3 per cent for stunting or overweight prevalence or < 5 per cent for wasting prevalence. This category of ‘target met’ was also applied to countries which have already achieved a 40 per cent reduction in the number of stunted children according to their annual progress rates assessment (Table 2).  Apart from countries in the ‘target met’ category, countries that did not have at least two data points since 2008 and at least one data point beyond 2012, were classified as having ‘insufficient trend data’. Countries without any data point after 2000 were classified as ‘no data’.\r\n\r\nNote that for stunting and overweight, the JME group is developing county level model-based estimates which are anticipated for release in 2021.  The assessments presented in this report may therefore change in the near future.","languageId":1,"language":"English","languageISO":"eng","isMultilingual":false,"weight":122}],"collectionMechanism":{"collectionProcessId":1,"name":"CRAVE"},"classifications":[{"iclassId":1,"name":"SDG Indicator","type":"string","value":"2.2.1"},{"iclassId":3,"name":"Is SOWC","type":"boolean","value":"true"},{"iclassId":5,"name":"Is Emergency Indicator","type":"boolean","value":"true"},{"iclassId":10,"name":"Is SDG Progress indicator","type":"boolean","value":"true"},{"iclassId":11,"name":"Is UNICEF reporting custodian","type":"boolean","value":"false"},{"iclassId":8,"name":"IsCountdown2030","type":"boolean","value":"false"},{"iclassId":9,"name":"IsCovid","type":"boolean","value":"false"},{"iclassId":2,"name":"Strategic Plan Indicator","type":"string","value":""}],"coCustodians":[{"id":3,"name":"Division of Analysis, Planning & Monitoring, UNICEF"},{"id":22,"name":"World Bank"},{"id":23,"name":"World Health Organization (WHO)"}],"relatedIndicators":[{"indicatorId":88,"code":"ANE_WOM_15_49","helixCode":"NT_ANE_WOM_15_49","language2Name":{"English":"Anaemia prevalence in women of reproductive age"}},{"indicatorId":71,"code":"BF_EXBF","helixCode":"NT_BF_EXBF","language2Name":{"English":"Exclusive Breastfeeding (0-5 months)"}},{"indicatorId":78,"code":"CF_MMF","helixCode":"NT_CF_MMF","language2Name":{"English":"Minimum Meal Frequency (6-23 months)"}},{"indicatorId":6,"code":"IOD_ANY_TH","helixCode":"NT_IOD_ANY_TH","language2Name":{"English":"Iodized salt consumption (>0 ppm) among all tested households"}},{"indicatorId":87,"code":"VAS_TWODOSE","helixCode":"NT_VAS_TWODOSE","language2Name":{"English":"Annual two-dose VAS coverage (takes Semester 1 and 2 into account)"}},{"indicatorId":603,"code":"SP_MICNUT_USP","helixCode":"SP_MICNUT_USP","language2Name":{"English":"Number of girls and boys who received micronutrient powders through UNICEF-supported programmes"}},{"indicatorId":93,"code":"ANT_SAM_TD","helixCode":"NT_ANT_SAM_TD","language2Name":{"English":"Percentage of children with SAM  who are admitted for treatment and default"}},{"indicatorId":94,"code":"ANT_SAM_TR","helixCode":"NT_ANT_SAM_TR","language2Name":{"English":"Percentage of children with SAM who are admitted for treatment and recover"}},{"indicatorId":96,"code":"ANE_IFA_PW","helixCode":"NT_ANE_IFA_PW","language2Name":{"English":"Percentage of pregnant women receiving iron and folic acid supplementation "}},{"indicatorId":604,"code":"SP_NTCNSL_PP","helixCode":"SP_NTCNSL_PP","language2Name":{"English":"Number of countries that have integrated nutrition counselling in their pregnancy care programmes"}},{"indicatorId":605,"code":"SP_STR_STNG","helixCode":"SP_STR_STNG","language2Name":{"English":"Number of countries with a national strategy to prevent stunting in children"}},{"indicatorId":606,"code":"SP_DTDIV_PG","helixCode":"SP_DTDIV_PG","language2Name":{"English":"Number of countries with programmes to improve the diversity of diets in children"}},{"indicatorId":607,"code":"SP_PLCY_OVRWGHT","helixCode":"SP_PLCY_OVRWGHT","language2Name":{"English":"Number of countries that are implementing policy actions or programmes for the prevention of overweight and obesity in children"}},{"indicatorId":608,"code":"SP_IOD_PG","helixCode":"SP_IOD_PG","language2Name":{"English":"Number of countries that are implementing salt iodization programmes with an effective coordination body for reducing iodine deficiency"}},{"indicatorId":95,"code":"ANT_SAM_T","helixCode":"NT_ANT_SAM_T","language2Name":{"English":"Total number of children with SAM  admitted for treatment"}},{"indicatorId":609,"code":"SP_SAM_CNTR","helixCode":"SP_SAM_CNTR","language2Name":{"English":"Number of countries that provide care for children with SAM as part of an essential package of regular health and nutrition services for children"}},{"indicatorId":716,"code":"SP_VITA_PRIO","helixCode":"SP_VITA_PRIO","language2Name":{"English":"Number of girls and boys received two annual doses of vitamin A supplementation in priority countries"}}],"agencies":[{"id":1,"organization":"United Nations Children's Fund"}],"type":{"typeName":"Impact"}}